Refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for additional information.
Note: The interval for changing the coolant varies depending on the type of coolant being replaced. Refer to this article, "Coolant Recommendations", for the intervals for changing the coolant.
For additional information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".
Fluids Recommendations for Tier 4 Engines
C280 marine engines for use in U.S. flagged vessels and for vessels operating in U.S. inland waterways must meet the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emission standards set forth in "40 CFR Part 1042 Control of Emissions from New and In-Use Marine Compression-Ignition Engines and Vessels". New C280 engines that are greater than 2000 bkW must meet EPA Tier 4 emission standards starting in 2014. These standards are referred to as EPA Marine Tier 4 in this Special Publication.
Emission control for the C280 marine engines for EPA Marine Tier 4 includes improved combustion systems and aftertreatment starting in 2014. The aftertreatment is a Selective Catalytic Reduction system (SCR). In the SCR system, Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is injected in controlled amounts into the engine exhaust stream. This process is necessary in order to reduce NOx in the presence of the SCR catalyst. DEF is available in many brands, including those brands that carry the AdBlue or API certification. DEF is also generically referred to as urea. The SCR system is also effective in reducing certain hydrocarbon and particulate emissions.
Some C280 marine engines for use outside of the United States are also equipped with SCR aftertreatment systems. Complete engine system which includes engine and SCR systems are subject to the International Maritime Organization MARPOL Annex VI regulations are included.
Additives used in lubricating oils can negatively affect the performance of the SCR aftertreatment system. To maintain expected aftertreatment device life, performance and service intervals, engine oils for use in C280 engines equipped with SCR aftertreatment systems must have the following chemical limits:
- 0.12 percent maximum phosphorous
- 2 percent maximum sulfated ash
- 0.4 percent maximum sulfur
Table 1 lists the oils that meet the required chemical limits and are recommended for C280 engines with SCR aftertreatment oils.
| Engine oils Recommendations for C280 marine engines equipped with SCR aftertreatment systems(1)(2) | ||
| Viscosity Grade | Specification Requirements | |
| Cat DEO, mono grade | SAE 40 | API CF(3) |
| Cat DEO-ULS, multigrade | SAE 15W-40 | API CJ-4 |
| Commercial lubricants | SAE 15W-40 | Field Performance Evaluation and API CJ-4/Cat ECF-3/ACEA E9 |
| SAE 30, SAE 40 | Field Performance Evaluation and API CF(3) | |
| (1) | Oils listed in this table must have the chemical limits listed in this section of this Special Publication. |
| (2) | AVSpare engine oils are the preferred oils. Commercial oils as a group are second choice oils. |
| (3) | Oils that fulfill all the API CF requirements. |
Note: Oils that do not meet the chemical limits given in this section of this Special Publication are not allowed for use in engines that are equipped with SCR aftertreatment systems. Follow the recommendations given in Table 1 above.
Commercial oils meeting Cat ECF-3, API CJ-4, and ACEA E9 specifications also meet the required chemical limits for engines that are equipped with SCR aftertreatment system. ACEA E9 oils are validated using some but not all ECF-3 and API CJ-4 standard engine performance tests. Consult your oil supplier when considering use of an oil that is not Cat ECF-3 or API CJ-4 qualified.
Note: Commercial oils that meet the chemical limits above should also have a field proof of performance in order to be used in C280 engines. Field Proof of Performance ensures that the oil performs adequately in C280 and 3600 engines. Refer to this Special Publication, "Field Evaluation of Commercial Oil" for details.
Cat Diesel Engine Oil (Cat DEO)
Cat oils have been developed and tested in order to provide the full performance and service life that has been designed and built into Cat engines. Cat oils are currently used to fill Cat Diesel Engines at the factory. These oils are offered by Cat dealers for continued use when the engine oil is changed. Consult your Cat dealer for more information on these oils.
Due to significant variations in the quality and in the performance of commercially available oils, AVSpare makes the following recommendations:
| Cat Lubricants | Viscosity Grade | |
|---|---|---|
| Diesel Engine Oil-Ultra Low Sulfur | Cat DEO-ULS | SAE 15W-40 |
| SAE 10W-30 | ||
| Cat DEO-ULS SYN | SAE 5W-40 | |
| Cat Cold Weather DEO-ULS | SAE 0W-40 | |
| Diesel Engine Oil | Cat DEO | SAE 15W-40 |
| SAE 10W-30 | ||
| Cat DEO SYN | SAE 5W-40 | |
Note: Cat DEO and Cat DEO-ULS multigrade oils are the preferred oils for use in this Cat Diesel Engine.
Note: Non-Cat commercial oils are second choice oils for your engine.
| NOTICE |
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AVSpare does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids. |
The three current AVSpare ECF specifications are: Cat ECF-1-a, Cat ECF-2 and Cat ECF-3. Each higher Cat ECF specification provides increased performance over lower Cat ECF specifications.
A commercial oil must meet the following standards to be considered an equivalent of a Cat Diesel Engine Oil:
| Cat Engine Crankcase Fluids (ECF) Definitions | |
| Cat Performance Requirement | Cat ECF Specifications Requirements |
| Cat ECF-3 | API CJ-4 Oil Category performance requirements |
| Cat ECF-2 | API CI-4 / CI-4 PLUS Oil Category performance requirements |
| Passing standard Cat C13 engine test per API requirements | |
| Oils of sulfated ash > 1.50 percent are not allowed | |
| Cat ECF-1-a | API CH-4 Oil Category performance requirements |
| For oils that are between 1.30 percent and 1.50 percent sulfated ash, passing one additional Cat 1P SCOTE test ("ASTM D6681") is required | |
| Oils of sulfated ash > 1.50 percent are not allowed | |
In selecting oil for any engine application, both of the following must be satisfied: the oil viscosity and the category of oil performance or the specification for oil performance . Using only one of these parameters will not sufficiently define oil for an engine application.
The proper SAE viscosity grade of oil is determined by the following temperatures: minimum ambient temperature during cold engine start-up and maximum ambient temperature during engine operation.
Refer to Table 4 (minimum temperature) in order to determine the required oil viscosity for starting a cold engine.
Refer to Table 4 (maximum temperature) in order to select the oil viscosity for engine operation at the highest ambient temperature that is anticipated.
Note: Generally, use the highest oil viscosity that is available to meet the requirement for the temperature at start-up.
| Lubricant Viscosities for Ambient Temperatures
for Cat Diesel Engines |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil Type and Performance Requirements | Viscosity Grade | °C | °F | ||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | ||
| Cat ECF-1-a
Cat ECF-2 Cat ECF-3 |
SAE 0W-30 | −40 | 30 | −40 | 86 |
| Cat Cold Weather DEO-ULS
Cat ECF-1-a Cat ECF-2 Cat ECF-3 |
SAE 0W-40 | −40 | 40 | −40 | 104 |
| Cat DEO-ULS
Cat ECF-1-a Cat ECF-2 Cat ECF-3 |
SAE 5W-30 | −30 | 30 | −22 | 86 |
| Cat DEO-ULS SYN
Cat DEO Cat ECF-1-a Cat ECF-2 Cat ECF-3 |
SAE 5W-40 | −30 | 50 | −22 | 122 |
| Cat ECF-1-a
Cat ECF-2 Cat ECF-3 |
SAE 10W-30 | −18 | 40 | 0 | 104 |
| Cat DEO-ULS
Cat DEO |
SAE 10W-40 | −18 | 50 | 0 | 122 |
| SAE 15W-40 | −9.5 | 50 | 15 | 122 | |
Note: A cold soaked start occurs when the engine has not been operated recently, allowing the oil to become more viscous due to cooler ambient temperatures. Supplemental heat is recommended for cold soaked starts below the minimum ambient temperature. Supplemental heat may be necessary for cold soaked starts that are above the minimum temperature depending on factors such as parasitic load.
Total Base Number (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur Levels
The use of Cat S·O·S Services oil analysis is recommended strongly for determining oil life.
The minimum required Total Base Number (TBN) for oil depends on the fuel sulfur level. The TBN for new oil is typically determined by the "ASTM D2896" procedure. For direct injection engines that use distillate fuel, the following guidelines apply:
| TBN recommendations for applications in Cat engines(1) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Fuel Sulfur Level percent (ppm) | Cat Engine Oils | TBN of Commercial Engine Oils |
| ≤0.05 percent (≤500 ppm) | Cat DEO-ULS
Cat DEO |
Min 7 |
| 0. 1- 0.05 percent (1000-500 ppm) | Cat DEO-ULS
Cat DEO |
Min 7 |
| Above 0.1 percent (above 1000 ppm)(2) | Cat DEO(3) | Min 10 |
| (1) | When using fuel with 0.10% sulfur (1000 ppm) or higher, refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Severe Service Application" for more information. |
| (2) | For fuels of sulfur levels that exceed 1.0 percent (10,000 ppm), refer to TBN and engine oil guidelines given in this section. |
| (3) | Cat DEO-ULS may be used if an oil analysis program is followed. Base the oil change interval on the analysis. |
AVSpare has developed a maintenance tool that evaluates oil degradation. the maintenance management also detects the early signs of wear on internal components. The Cat tool for oil analysis is called S·O·S oil analysis and the tool is part of the S·O·S Services program. S·O·S oil analysis divides oil analysis into four categories:
- Component wear rate
- Oil condition
- Oil contamination
- Identification of oil
These four types of analysis are used to monitor the condition of your equipment. The four types of analysis will also help you identify potential problems. A properly administered S·O·S oil analysis program will reduce repair costs and the program will lessen the impact of downtime.
The S·O·S Oil Analysis program uses a wide range of tests to determine the condition of the oil and the crankcase. Guidelines that are based on experience and a correlation to failures have been established for these tests. Exceeding one or more of these guidelines could indicate serious fluid degradation or a pending component failure. A trained person at your Cat dealership should make the final analysis.
| NOTICE |
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Always use a designated pump for oil sampling, and use a separate designated pump for coolant sampling. Using the same pump for both types of samples may contaminate the samples that are being drawn. This contaminate may cause a false analysis and an incorrect interpretation that could lead to concerns by both dealers and customers. |
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" in order to obtain additional information about S·O·S Services oil analysis. You can also contact your local Cat dealer.
The information and guidelines given in this Special Publication, "Diesel Fuel" apply to marine engines that use diesel fuels. Follow these guidelines in order to reduce the risk of engine downtime. Refer to your engine Operation and Maintenance Manual for details specific to your marine engine. Consult your Cat dealer for more information.
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulates the fuel sulfur level for ocean going ships. Current marine fuels at sea that are regulated by the IMO can have sulfur levels up to 3.5 percent (35,000 ppm) prior to the year 2020. As of January 1, 2020, ships operating in international waters are required to use fuels with sulfur levels below 0.5 percent (5000 ppm).
Furthermore, IMO designates certain areas as Sulfur Emissions Control Areas (SECA) . Ships operating within SECA must operate on 1 percent (10,000 ppm) sulfur fuel prior to the year 2015. After January 1, 2015 ships operating within SECA must operate with 0.1 percent (1000 ppm) sulfur fuels. IMO may change areas considered SECA. Review and follow local and IMO requirements and local regulations for planned destinations. Refer to your engine Operation and Maintenance Manualfor appropriate marine fuels for use in your engine.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the sulfur level of marine fuels in the US waterways and shores. For vessels operating exclusively within US waters, Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) is required by regulations unless local exceptions exist. Vessels traveling internationally under the US Flag are required to operate on ULSD regardless of destination and location. Refer to the regulations in your area of operation. If your destination does not have ULSD, but your engine can operate on fuel other than ULSD, exemptions can be requested by contacting the EPA at the following address:
[email protected]Refer to your engine Operation and Maintenance Manualfor fuels information for your engine.
Foreign flagged vessels operating in the US are required to follow IMO rules while sailing in US waters designated as SECA. Always refer to the local regulations at ports of call to determine fuel requirements as the regulations are subject to change.
Note: ULSD is backwards compatible and can be used in most engine technologies. Diesel fuels with > 0.0015 percent (>15 ppm) sulfur can be used in engines that do not have aftertreatment devices and where permitted by local regulations.
Diesel engines may burn a wide variety of fuels. These fuels are divided into two general groups. The two groups are called the preferred fuels and the permissible fuels.
The preferred fuels provide maximum engine service life and performance. The preferred fuels are distillate fuels. These fuels are commonly called diesel fuel, furnace oil, gas oil, or kerosene. These fuels must meet the “Cat Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel Engines” found in this Special Publication, "Distillate Diesel Fuel" article.
Note: The permissible fuels are some crude oils, some blends of crude oil with distillate fuel, some biodiesel, and some marine diesel fuel. These fuels are not suitable for use in all engine applications. The acceptability of these fuels for use is determined on a case by case basis. A complete fuel analysis is required. Consult your Cat dealer for further information.
| NOTICE |
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The footnotes are a key part of the “Cat Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel for Off-Highway Diesel Engines” Table. Read ALL of the footnotes. |
| AVSpare Specification for Distillate Fuel for Nonroad Diesel Engines | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Specifications | Requirements | ASTM Test | ISO Test |
| Aromatics | 35% maximum | "D1319" | "ISO 3837" |
| Ash | 0.01% maximum (weight) | "D482" | "ISO 6245" |
| Carbon Residue on 10% Bottoms | 0.35% maximum (weight) | "D524" | "ISO 4262" |
| Cetane Number (1) | 40 minimum (DI engines) | "D613"
or "D6890" |
"ISO 5165" |
| 35 minimum (PC engines) | |||
| Cloud Point | The cloud point must not exceed the lowest expected ambient temperature. | "D2500" | "ISO 3015" |
| Copper Strip Corrosion | No. 3 maximum | "D130" | "ISO 2160" |
| Distillation | 10% at maximum |
"D86" | "ISO 3405" |
| 90% at maximum |
|||
| Flash Point | legal limit | "D93" | "ISO 2719" |
| Thermal Stability | Minimum of 80% reflectance after aging for 180 minutes at |
"D6468" | No equivalent test |
| API Gravity (2) | 30 minimum | "D287" | No equivalent test |
| 45 maximum | |||
| Pour Point | |
"D97" | "ISO 3016" |
| Sulfur | (3)(4)(5) | "D5453"
or "D2622" |
ISO 20846
or ISO 20884 |
| Kinematic Viscosity | 1.4 cSt minimum and 20.0 cSt maximum as delivered to the fuel injection pumps | - | - |
| 1.4 cSt minimum and 4.5 cSt maximum as delivered to the rotary fuel injection pumps | |||
| Water and Sediment | 0.05% maximum | "D1796" or "D2709" | "ISO 3734" |
| Water | 0.05% maximum | "D6304" | No equivalent test |
| Sediment | 0.05% maximum (weight) | "D473" | "ISO 3735" |
| Gums and Resins (6) | 10 mg per 100 mL maximum | "D381" | "ISO 6246" |
| Lubricity | |
"D6079" | No equivalent test |
| (1) | Alternatively, to ensure a minimum cetane number of 35 (PC engines), and 40 (DI engines), distillate diesel fuel should have a minimum cetane index of 37.5 (PC engines), and 44.2 (DI engines) when the "ASTM D4737-96a" test method is used. A fuel with a higher cetane number may be required for operation at a higher altitude or in cold weather. |
| (2) | Via standards tables, the equivalent kg/m3 (kilograms per cubic meter) using the "ASTM D287" test method temperature of |
| (3) | ULSD 0.0015% (<15 ppm S) is required by law for Tier 4 engines and engines with aftertreatment devices. |
| (4) | Certain Cat fuel systems and engine components can operate on fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 3%. Contact your Cat dealer for guidance about appropriate maintenance intervals and fluids for engines operating on fuel with sulfur levels between 0.1% and 3%. |
| (5) | An engine which operates on fuel with 0.1% (1000 ppm) of sulfur or more is operating in a severe service application. Refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, "Severe Service Application" for information about operating an engine in a severe service application. |
| (6) | Follow the test conditions and procedures for gasoline (motor). |
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) Recommendations
For use in Cat engines, DEF concentration must be 32.5 percent or 40 percent, meeting all requirements defined by "ISO 22241-1".
AVSpare recommends the use of DEF available through the Cat parts ordering system for use in Cat engines equipped with SCR systems. Refer to Table 7 for part number information:
| Cat Part Number | Container Size |
|---|---|
| 350-8733 | 2.5 gal bottle |
| 350-8734 | 1000-L tote |
In North America, commercial DEF that is API approved and meets all the requirements defined in "ISO 22241-1" may be used in Cat engines that are equipped with SCR systems.
The supplier should provide documentation to prove the DEF is compliant with the requirements of "ISO 22241-1".
To obtain locations of DEF suppliers, call (888)-598-8186 or (309)-494-7532.
| NOTICE |
|---|
|
Cat does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids. |
| NOTICE |
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Do not use agriculture grade urea solutions. Do not use any fluids that do not meet "ISO 22241-1" Requirements in SCR emissions reduction systems. Use of these fluids can result in numerous problems including damage to SCR equipment and a reduction in NOx conversion efficiency. |
DEF is a solution of solid urea that is dissolved in demineralized water to produce a final concentration. DEF concentrations of 32.5 percent or 40 percent are optimal for use in SCR systems. DEF solution of 32.5 percent urea has the lowest attainable freeze point of
AVSpare offers a refractometer, Cat part number 360-0774, that can be used to measure DEF concentration. Follow the instructions provided with the instrument. Appropriate commercial portable refractometers can be used to determine urea concentration. Follow the instructions from the manufacturer.
Urea Solution Recommendations for Marine Engines
US waters are an International Maritime Organization (IMO) NOx Emissions Control Area (NECA). Low NOx engines are required in these areas. These engines require the use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) and other urea solutions for engines equipped with Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. Cat marine engines are designed to operate on DEF of urea concentrations of 32.5 percent (by weight) or 40 percent (by weight). The crystallization temperature of 40 percent urea solution is
Vessels that are traveling internationally and that have on/off NOx controls must enable these controls prior to entering a NECA. For US flagged vessels, on/off controls are not allowed without an exemption during international travel. The controls must always be on. Foreign destinations should be reviewed for supply of ULSD fuel and DEF prior to departure. Exemptions for ULSD or DEF use by US flagged vessels may be requested from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA can be contacted at the following address:
[email protected]When used in marine engines, DEF of 32.5 percent and 40 percent urea concentration must meet all the guidelines and quality recommendations.
When used in marine engines, urea solutions of 40 percent concentration must follow all the DEF guidelines and quality recommendations given in this chapter and must meet the characteristics for 40 percent concentration. The supplier should provide documentation to prove that the urea solution is compliant with the published characteristics.
| NOTICE |
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Cat does not warrant the quality or performance of non-Cat fluids and greases. |
Quality of DEF can degrade when stored and handled inappropriately or if DEF is not protected from contamination. Details are provided below.
If quality issues are suspected or a DEF quality fault is active, testing of DEF should focus on urea concentration, alkalinity as NH3 and biuret content. DEF that does not pass all these tests should not be used.
Note: AVSpare strongly recommends that customers purchase the pre-mixed DEF urea solution from a reputable supplier. The DEF must satisfy all the specifications of quality. Refer to Special Publication, SEBU6251, "Exhaust Aftertreatment Fluids Specifications". Urea solutions that are not made of urea and water of the appropriate quality and cleanliness may damage the SCR system. Poor or questionable quality DEF can lead to additional repair and maintenance costs to the customer. Cat warranties do not cover failures caused by or related to use of out of specification urea solutions in Tier 4 products equipped with SCR systems.
DEF is corrosive. Due to the corrosion caused, DEF must be stored in tanks constructed of approved materials. Recommended storage materials:
Stainless Steels:
- 304 (S30400)
- 304L (S30403)
- 316 (S31600)
- 316L (S31603)
- 409 (S40900)
- 439 (S43035)
Alloys and metals:
- Chromium Nickel (CrNi)
- Chromium Nickel Molybdenum (CrNiMo)
- Titanium
Non-metallic materials:
- Polyethylene
- Polypropylene
- Polyisobutylene
- Teflon (PFA)
- Polyfluoroethylene (PFE)
- Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)
- Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Materials NOT compatible with DEF solutions include Aluminum, Magnesium, Zinc, Nickel coatings, Silver and Carbon steel and Solders containing any of the above. Unexpected reactions may occur if DEF solutions come in contact with any non-compatible material or unknown materials.
Follow all local regulations covering bulk storage tanks. Follow proper tank construction guidelines. Tank volume typically should be 110% of planned capacity. Appropriately vent indoor tanks. Plan for control of overflow of the tank. Heat tanks that dispense DEF in cold climates.
Bulk tank breathers should be fitted with filtration to keep airborne debris from entering the tank. Desiccant breathers should not be used because water will be absorbed, which potentially can alter DEF concentration.
Follow all local regulations covering transport and handling. DEF transport temperature is recommended to be
- Nitrile Rubber (NBR)
- Fluoroelastomer (FKM)
- Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM)
The condition of hoses and other nonmetallic that are used with DEF should be monitored for signs of degradation. DEF leaks are easily recognizable by white urea crystals that accumulate at the site of the leak. Solid urea can be corrosive to galvanized or unalloyed steel, aluminum, copper, and brass. Leaks should be repaired immediately to avoid damage to surrounding hardware.
Contaminants can degrade the quality and life of DEF. Filtering DEF is required when dispensed into the DEF tank. Filters should be compatible with DEF and should be used exclusively with DEF. Check with the filter supplier to confirm compatibility with DEF before using. Mesh-type filters using compatible metals, such as stainless steel, are recommended. Paper (cellulose) media and some synthetic filter media are not recommended because of degradation during use.
Care should be taken when dispensing DEF. Spills should be cleaned immediately. Machine or engine surfaces should be wiped clean and rinsed with water. Caution should be used when dispensing DEF near an engine that has recently been running.
Note: Spilling DEF onto hot components may cause the release of ammonia vapors. Do not breathe ammonia vapors. Do not clean up any spills with bleach.
DEF fluid is stable when stored and handled properly. The quality of DEF rapidly degrades when stored at high temperatures. The ideal storage temperature for DEF is between
The length of storage of DEF is listed in the following table:
| Storage Temperature | Expected DEF Life |
|---|---|
| Below |
18 months |
| |
12 months |
| |
6 months |
| Above |
test quality before use |
Refer to "ISO 22241" document series for more information about DEF quality control.
Note: Dispose of all fluids according to applicable regulations and mandates.
General Characteristics of DEF
DEF with a concentration of 32.5 percent has a freezing point of
| Characteristics for Urea Solutions | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Property | Unit | DEF 32.5 percent | Urea Solution 40 percent |
| Urea content | 32.5 percent (1) | 40 percent (2) | |
| Alkalinity as NH3 | Percent | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Density at |
g/L | 1.087 - 1.093 (3) | 1.108 - 1.114 (4) |
| Refractive Index at |
1.381 - 1.384 (5) | 1.394-1.397 (6) | |
| Biuret | Percent | 0.3 max | |
| Aldehydes | mg/kg | 5 max | |
| Insoluble Matter | mg/kg | 20 max | |
| Aluminum | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Calcium | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Chromium | mg/kg | 0.2 max | |
| Copper | mg/kg | 0.2 max | |
| Iron | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Magnesium | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Nickel | mg/kg | 0.2 max | |
| Phosphate (PO4) | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Potassium | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Sodium | mg/kg | 0.5 max | |
| Zinc | mg/kg | 0.2 max | |
| (1) | Acceptable range is 31.8 - 33.2 percent |
| (2) | Acceptable range is 39-41 percent |
| (3) | Target value is 1.090 g/L |
| (4) | Target value is 1.112 |
| (5) | Target value is 1.382 |
| (6) | Target value is 1.3956 |
A biodiesel blend of up to 20 percent may be used in the engine when the fuel blend meets the recommendations in table 10 and meets the recommendations in Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".
Note: A complete Cat S·O·S Services oil analysis program is recommended strongly when using biodiesel blends above 5 percent.
| Biodiesel Blends for Cat Commercial Engines | ||
| Biodiesel blend stock | Final blend | Distillate diesel fuel used for blend |
| AVSpare biodiesel specification, "ASTM D6751" or "EN14214" | B20: "ASTM D7467" and "API" gravity 30-45 | AVSpare distillate diesel fuel specification, "ASTM D975" or "EN590" |
Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is a proprietary formulation that has been extensively tested for use with distillate diesel fuels for use in Cat Diesel Engines. Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is a high performance diesel fuel conditioner. Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is for use with lower quality fuels that do not meet the minimum requirements of any of the following:
- “AVSpare Specification for Distillate Diesel Fuel”
- National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) Premium Diesel definition (refer to the 2004 or newer National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Handbook).
- EN590 (non-arctic)
- ASTM D975
Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner is the only fuel conditioner/additive available to the end user that is tested and approved by AVSpare for use in Cat Diesel Engines.
Refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for information about the use of Cat Diesel Fuel Conditioner.
Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner
Note: Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is the only fuel system cleaner available to the end user that is tested and approved by AVSpare for use in Cat Diesel Engines.
Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is a proven high performance detergent product designed specifically for cleaning deposits that form in the fuel system. Deposits in the fuel system reduce system performance and can increase fuel consumption. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner addresses the deposits formed due to the use of degraded diesel fuel, poor quality diesel fuel, and diesel fuel containing high quantities of high molecular weight compounds. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner addresses deposits formed due to the use of biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and biodiesel that does not meet the appropriate quality specifications. Continued use of Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is proven to inhibit the growth of new deposits.
AVSpare strongly recommends that Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner be used with biodiesel and biodiesel blends. Cat Diesel Fuel System Cleaner is suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends that meet AVSpare biodiesel recommendations and requirements. Not all fuel cleaners are suitable for use with biodiesel/biodiesel blends. Read and follow all applicable label usage instructions. Also, refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations", article and also refer to the “Biodiesel” article, which includes AVSpare biodiesel recommendations and requirements.
There are many different types of fuel additives that are available to use. AVSpare does not generally recommend the use of fuel additives.
In special circumstances, AVSpare recognizes the need for fuel additives. Use fuel additives with caution. The additive may not be compatible with the fuel. Some additives may precipitate. This action causes deposits in the fuel system. The deposits may cause seizure. Some additives may plug fuel filters. Some additives may be corrosive, and some additives may be harmful to the elastomers in the fuel system. Some additives may damage emission control systems. Some additives may raise fuel sulfur levels above the maximum levels that are allowed by the following agencies: EPA and other regulatory agencies. Contact your fuel supplier for those circumstances when fuel additives are required. Your fuel supplier can make recommendations for additives to use and for the proper level of treatment.
Note: For best results, your fuel supplier should treat the fuel when additives are needed.
Note: Refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations" for complete information about the proper fluids for use in the cooling system.
 |
|
The cooling system operates under pressure which is controlled by the radiator pressure cap. Removing the cap while the system is hot may allow the escape of hot coolant and steam, causing serious burns. Before you remove the radiator cap, allow the system to cool. Use a thick cloth and turn the radiator cap slowly to the first stop to allow pressure to escape before fully removing the cap. Avoid contact with coolant. |
| NOTICE |
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Never add coolant to an overheated engine. Engine damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
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If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system must be either protected to the lowest outside temperature or drained completely in order to prevent damage caused by freezing coolant. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
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Never operate an engine without water temperature regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the proper operating temperature. Cooling system problems can develop without water temperature regulators. Removing the regulators allows some coolant to bypass the radiator, potentially causing overheating. |
A Cat Diesel Engine equipped with air-to-air aftercooling (ATAAC) requires a minimum of 30 percent glycol to help prevent water pump cavitation.
| Coolant Recommendations for Cat Diesel Engines | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Recommendations | Product | Service Hours(1)(2)(3) | Required Maintenance |
| Preferred | Cat ELC and Cat ELI | 12000 hours or 6 years | Add Cat ELC Extender at 6000 service hours or one half of service life |
| Min requirements | Cat EC-1 specification and "ASTM D6210" and
Organic Additive Technology (OAT) based on a combination of a monocarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic acid Phosphate, borate, and silicate free Tolyltriazole: minimum typical concentration of 900 ppm Nitrite: minimum typical concentration of 500 ppm in new coolants |
6000 hours or 6 years | Add Extender at 3000 service hours or one half of service life |
| Acceptable | Cat DEAC | 3000 hours or 3 years | SCA at maintenance intervals |
| Cat SCA in water | 3000 hours or 2 years | SCA at maintenance intervals | |
| Min requirements for fully formulated Heavy Duty Commercial coolants | "ASTM D6210" and
Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum of 1200 ppm (70 grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US gal) Silicon concentration: minimum of 100 ppm and maximum of 275 ppm |
3000 hours or 2 years | SCA at maintenance intervals |
| Min requirements for Commercial coolants requiring SCA precharge | "ASTM D4985" and(1)
Nitrite (as NO2) concentration: Minimum of 1200 ppm (70 grains/US gal) and maximum of 2400 ppm (140 grains/US gal) Silicon concentration: minimum of 100 ppm and maximum of 275 ppm |
3000 hours or 1 year | SCA at initial fill and SCA at maintenance intervals |
| Min requirements for SCA and water | Commercial supplemental coolant additive and water | 3000 hours or 1 year | Per manufacturer recommendations |
| (1) | New Coolants at 50 volume percent diluted. Coolants that are prediluted at the coolant manufacturer must be diluted with water that meets Reagent 4 "ASTM D1193" requirements. |
| (2) | Maintain the in-service coolant at the given limits. |
| (3) | When referring to the service hours, use the interval that occurs first. These coolant change intervals are only achievable with annual S·O·S Services Level 2 coolant sampling analysis. |
| Special Requirements | |
|---|---|
| Cat C280 Tier4 I Marine Engines | Mixture of 80/20 percent water/glycol is recommended. 50/50 percent is recommended for applications requiring additional freeze protection. Water alone or water with SCA or with ELI is NOT allowed. |
| NOTICE |
|---|
|
Use Only Approved SCAs and Extenders Conventional coolants require the maintenance addition of SCA throughout the expected life of the coolants. Do NOT use an SCA with a coolant unless approved specifically by the coolant supplier. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for ensuring compatibility and acceptable performance. To help ensure expected performance, EC-1 coolants require the one time maintenance addition of an extender at coolant service mid-life. Do not use an extender with a coolant unless the extender has been approved specifically for use by the coolant manufacturer. The coolant manufacturer is responsible for ensuring compatibility and acceptable performance. Failure to follow these recommendations can result in shortened cooling system component life. |
Cat ELC can be recycled into conventional coolants.
For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".
S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis
Testing the engine coolant is important to ensure that the engine is protected from internal cavitation and corrosion. The analysis also tests the ability of the coolant to protect the engine from boiling and freezing. S·O·S coolant analysis can be done at your Cat dealer. Cat S·O·S coolant analysis is the best way to monitor the condition of your coolant and your cooling system. S·O·S coolant analysis is a program that is based on periodic samples.
| Recommended Interval | ||
| Type of Coolant | Level 1 | Level 2 |
| Cat DEAC
Cat SCA Conventional Heavy-Duty Coolants |
Every 250 hours | Yearly(1) |
| Cat ELC
Cat ELI Commercial EC-1 Coolants |
Optional(1) | Yearly(1) |
| (1) | The Level 2 Coolant Analysis should be performed sooner if a problem is suspected or identified. |
Note: Check the SCA (Supplemental Coolant Additive) of the conventional coolant at every oil change or at every 250 hours. Perform this check at the interval that occurs first.
S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 1)
A coolant analysis (Level 1) is a test of the properties of the coolant.
The following properties of the coolant are tested:
- Glycol concentration for freeze protection and boil protection
- Ability to protect from erosion and corrosion
- pH
- Conductivity
- Visual analysis
- Odor analysis
The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.
S·O·S Services Coolant Analysis (Level 2)
A coolant analysis (Level 2) is a comprehensive chemical evaluation of the coolant. This analysis is also a check of the overall condition of the cooling system.
The S·O·S coolant analysis (Level 2) has the following features:
- Full coolant analysis (Level 1)
- Identification of metal corrosion and of contaminants
- Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause corrosion
- Identification of buildup of the impurities that cause scaling
- Determination of the possibility of electrolysis within the cooling system of the engine
The results are reported, and appropriate recommendations are made.
For more information on S·O·S coolant analysis, consult your Cat dealer.
If necessary, choose a single grease, always choose a grease that meets or exceeds the requirements of the most demanding application. Remember that the products which barely meet the minimum performance requirements can be expected to produce the minimum lives of your parts. False economy is being used if a grease is purchased with the lowest cost as the only consideration. Instead, use the grease that yields the lowest total operating cost. The cost should be based on an analysis. This analysis includes the costs of parts, labor, downtime, and the cost of the amount of grease that is required.
For more information, refer to Special Publication, SEBU7003, "Cat 3600 Series and C280 Series Diesel Engine Fluids Recommendations".